The World Wars

Before World War I, there were already some fears that Britain might no longer be able to defend all its territories. At the same time, Germany’s power was increasing. The fear of Germany’s expansion pushed the Empire to form alliances with Japan, France, and Russia.

Britain’s declaration of war against Germany can, in some ways, be seen as a reaction to Germany’s perceived threat to Britain’s empire. During the war, Britain mobilised its dominions and colonies by claiming military, financial, or other material support. Many citizens from the colonies served in the war, but their service was not always driven by loyalty to the Crown; some colonies and dominions (such as India, Canada, and Australia) believed that if they helped Britain in the war, they might be rewarded with autonomy or independence.

Britain was one of the victors of World War I, and the Empire grew to incorporate several of the former colo...